The thal desert is a vast area lying between Jehlum and Indus river.Its length from north to south is about 300 km and its maximum breadth is 112 km. It extends over districts of Khushab, Bhakkar, Mianwali, Jhang, Layyah, and Muzaffargarh. The climate of thal is extreme cold in winter and very hot in summer. average rain fall varies from 185 to300mm. Agriculture and live stock rearing are the main sources of livelihood. Land is of marginal quality and poverty is inherent in local population. Wind storms are normal feature. The ecology of the area is fragile because of low resilience of the desert. The main crop of the thal desert is gram and its cultivation has been inappropriately extended even to sand dunes. Some area of the thal desert is suffering from water logging at certain places due to seepage from greater thal canal emanating from river Indus. The main problem of the thal include aridity the land degradation is taking place due to changes in the land use from posturing t
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